The Bicycle sharing system in Los Angeles Essay

The Bicycle sharing framework in Los Angeles - Essay Example Los Angeles ought to consider receiving the Bicycle Sharing System for 3 dominating reasons: contamination, traffic just as general medical problems . Los Angeles is one of the most populated urban communities on the planet and the advancement in innovation has permitted more individuals to enter Los Angeles. In this manner, the district is packed with many individuals. Apparently, Los Angeles’ populace continues developing each year and may before long arrive at shocking and wild figures. Because of its gigantic populace made out of wealthy people, utilization of individual vehicles makes the difficult issues in contamination. Driving individual vehicle doesn't just effect adversely on the situations, yet additionally prompts commotion contamination in this way hampering individuals’ capacity to hear. A diary by Kenneth A. Little and Camilla Kazimi, makes reference to, â€Å"The expenses of air contamination, commotion, and other natural harm are not correctly quantif iable †¦Ã¢â‚¬  The vehicles devour diesel, and the substances from consuming diesel will make components that would add to shape corrosive downpour. Obstacles, for example, air defilement or corrosive downpour are lethal, and it takes a long effort for nature to recuperate from these contaminations . As the populace continues snowballing, the quantity of vehicles on the road would energetically increment. This implies these vehicles will make more parts of corrosive downpour, which will hurt human the general public sooner rather than later. Along these lines, the selection of the Bicycle Sharing System will acquire the aftereffect of decrease air contamination later on.

The Constitution and the 1824 essays

The Constitution and the 1824 articles The Constitution and the 1824 Presidential Election Processes In the entirety of my readings on the Electoral College and the Constitution, I have discovered that there are a few contrasts between what the Constitutions implied when the political race process was characterized and how the 1824 political decision deciphered them to mean. The Constitution has orderly guidelines for the appointment of our President and what to do if there is a contention with the Electoral College. While in the 1824, they included another methods for choosing our President. As indicated by Thomas Jefferson governments are founded among men, getting their equitable forces from the assent of the represented. (Jefferson 516) Simply put every American has an obligation in the political race of our President. The appointment of 1824 put the Constitution's political race process under a magnifying glass. On Election Day, there were as yet four up-and-comers in the running for President. Since no competitor won with the sacred lion's share of constituent votes, was sent to the House of Representatives for them to decide on. The constituent vote is the essential technique for choosing the President. Each state will delegate, in such Manner as the Legislature along these lines may immediate, a Number of Electors, equivalent to the entire Numbers of Senators and Representatives to which the State might be qualified for in Congress: however no Senator or Representative, or Person holding and Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, will be designated Elector. (Constitution Article II segment 1) Albeit no up-and-comer had the established dominant part of the appointive votes to win without setting off to the House of Representatives, one applicant (Jackson) had a little lead throughout the following rival (Adams). As indicated by the House of Representatives website page the breakdown of the Electoral votes are as per the following: Andrew Jackson 99, John Quincy Adams 84, William Crawford 41 and Henry Clay 37.e Since the Constitution expresses that when the... <!

Life after diagnosis and treatment of cancer in adulthood Essay

Facing everyday life after analysis and treatment of malignancy in adulthood - Essay Example In the article, the writer portrays that they use information programming to anise the information gathered. The creator presents the information in charts and tables mirroring the gathered data. In addition, the data is talked about in a legitimate, way to clarify the distinguished holes. The conversation obtains generally from crafted by different investigations to reach inferences and suggestions. Hence, in this viewpoint, the creator meets all the fundamental prerequisites of the examination. The creators use writing audit in different manners. To begin with, he utilizes it to show considers that have been done beforehand. The articles the writers survey speak to different investigations before. In this, the creators clarify the primary points of the examinations speculation and the finds of these investigations. At the point when important the creator likewise shows different suggestions the researchers made. By fundamentally clarifying the specialists checked on, the researcher s try to forestall duplication of the work. Doing considers that have been as of now done burns through the two assets and time that could be utilized in different spots. Auxiliary, the writer utilizes the survey of articles from different researchers to distinguish the holes in the examination. This is the holes that he inevitably will look to fill by his investigation. In this, the creators contrast the goals of one investigation and the discoveries of the examination to discover whatever that was forgotten about. These they draw them from different sources on one investigation. In another perspective, the creators contrast related discoveries with show different holes that reviews didn't satisfy.

A Room of Ones Own, Wasteland and J. Alfred Prufrock The Affairs of Society - Literature Essay Samples

An underlying, general disgust for the opposite sex is one of the sentiments shared by writers Virginia Woolf and T.S. Eliot. While the two authors have similar perspectives on the two genders, both viewing males as the inferior sex, the means by which Woolf and Eliot come to this conclusion are quite different. Likewise, the emotions that arise from their beliefs are quite dissimilar. Writing in the aftermath of WWI, both authors have strong emotions about the society that has emerged from the rubble. Woolf, in A Room of Ones Own, takes on an air of defiance toward the societal implication that men are superior to women, and concludes by picking her way through a jumble of thoughts: that men are afflicted with an inferiority complex that can only be fed by women, and that it is society that perpetuates these circumstances. Eliot, on the other hand, feels that women are superior because they hold power over men; men need women, however disgusted they are by the female gender, be cause of the innate urge to procreate and because society dictates that man must have a mate. These ideas are portrayed in Eliots poems The Wasteland and The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.The two authors view men in an almost identical manner: they see the male as inferior, bordering on pitiful. This is exemplified by how the men in their works interact with women. Woolf claims that men only insist on the inferiority of women so that they can feel superior. She uses Napoleon and Mussolini as prime examples, saying that if [women] were not inferior, they would cease to enlarge (36). She even goes so far as to say that without women acting as a looking-glass, men would die, like the drug fiend deprived of his cocaine (36). Woolf considers that women were, until Jane Austens dayseen only in relation to the other sex (82). This stems from her contention that prior to Austen, the majority of writers were male, and considered women only in relation to men, and not as individuals. Eliot perceives the way that men deal with women slightly differently, but with the same pathetic ends. The first person narrator is the prime example of how men feel about women: Eliot appears to hate women because of the power they hold over men, and to hate men because of the power that women hold over them. In The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, the speaker suffers from an acute fear of failure in love, and is afraid to even begin a conversation with a woman, lest she respond, That is not what I meant at all; That is not it, at all (6.97). The speaker, having managed to make it through trivial societal circumstances such as tea, idle chit-chat, and reading novels, wonders it is even worth attempting to appear worldly. He is disgusted by the fact that he is drawn to women, and resents that he is held to a heterosexual bond that is so displeasing to him. He reveals his disgust with women when he speaks of their arms: arms that are braceleted and white and bare / (But in th e lamplight downed with light brown hair!) (5.63). Both Woolf and Eliot hold that men are inferior to women, although it seems that general opinion at the time did not agree. When these authors examine how women deal with men, their views become dissimilar. Woolf sees women as equal, if not superior to men, while Eliot feels that although women are placed on an untouchable pedestal, they are petty and ignorant. In his poem The Wasteland, Eliot writes of the sterility of love and the male/female relationship. Three scenes of love are present in the poem, and all three are representative of how women act toward men. The first love scene in the poem shows the lack of emotion in a heterosexual relationship the woman should be loving and reminiscent, but because she is not, the man is emotionless as well: living nor dead (56.40). Later in the poem, when the speaker tells of an erotic encounter with a woman in a boudoir, he is commenting on the narcissistic side of women. This re calls how Woolf judges men: after the encounter, the female lover looks to the mirror, hardly aware of her departed lover (63.250). Eliot then describes the fruitlessness of love, the result of a womans inability to listen; there is a bar scene in which the woman rambles on, and will not listen to what the man truly wishes to say. Eliots belief that women feel superior is voiced in The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock when he writes that the women come and go / Talking of Michelangelo (3.13); women are simply attempting to impress others, talking of art and culture rather than discussing anything of substance. Woolf, on the other hand, feels that women only speak of petty matters because they have had no chance at receiving real education or earning money. Even in her time, ladies [were] only admitted to the library if accompanied by a Fellow (Woolf 8). She feels that even if given the chance to earn money, so that one could have a room of ones own, such a thing would be nearly impossible; the woman would in all probability become pregnant, and need at least nine months to prepare for the child, depriving her of further earning ability. Woolf also feels that it is society that impedes a womans expression, stifling any genius that my be held within the confines of a female mind. Woolf and Eliot share the belief that society holds back both male and female growth. Woolf feels that women should be treated as equals to men, but knows that no laws can perform this act. When she finds that she is to receive an inheritance from an aunt, she is also informed that the law allowing women to vote has been passed. She says that of the two the vote and the money the moneyseemed infinitely more important (37). Woolf realizes that men will still attempt to overpower and control women. With money, she can afford a room of her own in which to write, and that will make more of an impact on the world than the ability to vote. Eliot also believes that society does no t allow people to do what they truly desire. Because of the strict demands that society makes on men to act towards women in a particular way, men inevitably feel resentment, and in turn become jaded. Though Woolf and Eliot use different means to express their beliefs, they arrive at highly similar ends.

Alzheimer s Is A Non Lethal Disease - 1605 Words

Many believe that Alzheimer’s is a non-lethal disease, however, they couldn’t be more wrong. Alzheimer’s is a disease that leaves no survivors. It is lethal and has absolutely no mercy towards any one. It does not discriminate between race or gender, rich or poor. Anyone can be a target. So much, that it is now the sixth leading cause of death and it continues to rise each year (Ryan). Yet, the scariest thing about Alzheimer’s, is not just the memory loss, but also the fact that it has no cure and is irreversible. All hope, however, is not lost. New research has shown that if caught at a very early stage, the rate of deterioration of the brain due to Alzheimer’s, can be slowed down through treatments and therapy (Robinson). Although it is no cure, it can buy more time with a loved one diagnosed with this mindless killer. By catching Alzheimer’s at an early stage and looking out for the symptoms, one can slow down the deadly effects of Alzheim er’s. What is Alzheimer’s? Many believe they know exactly what it is and how it affects us, but in reality, many don’t realize how deadly it truly is. Alzheimer’s disease is said to be the most common form of dementia (Brandt). It is a disease that slowly kills thinking skills as well as memory and the ability to function properly. The deterioration and changes in the brain, however, can begin anywhere from ten to fifteen years before the signs of memory loss appear (CDC). Changes begin as, abnormal deposits of proteins form amyloidShow MoreRelatedSmoking: The Memory Killer. Over The Years, There Has Been1411 Words   |  6 Pagessigns of Alzheimer s disease, which can be very fatal if dealt with improperly or for too long Also, when you buy a box of cigarettes or weed, you’re just buying a ticket to Alzheimer s. Alzheimer s can happen to you if you smoke too much and the prefrontal cortex is too thin that it can’t keep any memories. 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Importance Of Mass Media As A Representation Of The First...

Importance of mass media as a representation of the first amendment in Hillary Clinton’s current presidential campaign Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton, born in October 26, 1947 is an American attorney, politician and a member of the Democratic Party. She is the wife of the 42nd president of the United States, Bill Clinton and she served as the First Lady of the united states from 1993 to 2001.Hillary Clinton was representing New York in the United States from 2001 to 2009.In 2008 election, she was the presidential candidate in the Democratic Party of which she lost the seat to president Barack Obama .Clinton served as the 67th United States secretary of the state from 2009 to 2013 under the President Barack Obama. For the last two years,†¦show more content†¦Mass media are diversified technologies intended to reach large number of people by mass communication. These technologies transmit their information electronically and may include broadcast media such as television, radio, recorded music and film. On the other hand, Social media refer to web-based technologies that provide platform for ind ividuals and community to share, exchange information, ideas, and pictures /videos in virtual communities e.g. Facebook and twitter. American Political System is highly dependent on Mass Media since the development of media began a century ago through the development of first successful newspaper ( Boston News Letter).This was the beginning of an inevitable development in global communication or mass media. Since then, other media friendly devices have cemented their spot in the industry such as the television, the radio, cell phones and social media. It is with these tools, protected by the first amendment, that people peek into what is going on in the world around us, from business to welfare, from sports to political events. If we take a closer look at the political world in America, We clearly identify how powerful the media can be, this raises questions on the power of media and its manipulations as a tool of campaign, for instance the recent presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton .This paper also touches on the various ways that the media can influence politics both foreign and domestic and how it is used by political

Incorporating Employee Resourcing Requirements

Questions: 1. Identify the role of a recruitment agency? 2. Discuss the reasons why an employer in this sector would choose to use recruitment agency? 3. Discuss the criteria an employer should use to select an agency to recruit for them . You should refer to any relevant best practices in the sector. For example; Legal implication, cost, trust, expertise, market reputation and so on? 4. Analyse what HR department and agencies can do to build a good relationship between them. In your discussion, you should include equal opportunities, health and safety , data management and related operational issues? Answers: 1. Roles of any recruitment agency is very common for all the sectors, let it be social care, or retail, or hospitality sector. In order to be specific, in a social care environment the responsibility of the agencies is to provide the organizations related to social care as well their employers with best suitable candidates that is practically possible who have acquired all the required skills and competencies (Rowley, 2001). The agencies of recruitment acquire the list of all the vacancies from the varying employers and then put up attractive advertisements regarding the job profile over the internet and various other channels. The acceptance of the resumes of various candidates also include their job profile. The edited versions of the resumes of those agencies are sent to the employers. The recruiters in the hospitality agency are very concerned about the suggestions they provide regarding the best abled candidate for vital projects and posts while reducing the stress on the HR de partment of the respective companies. Some of the important roles that the agencies carry out include a screening process as well as testing process (Parry and Kelliher, 2008). They also test the flexibility of the candidate as well as keep in mind the requisites which have been specified by the client company so that they can provide them with the best employees possible. It is the biggest responsibility for the recruitment companies to provide their clients with the best employees so that the client company bare able to achieve their strategic goals in the social care setting. 2. The recruitment process of any individual I the social care environment requires a huge amount of time and therefore it is almost impossible for the organizations to conduct the effective selection as well as recruitment process (Ogunyomi and Ojikutu, 2014). The employers will have to go through numerous job profiles so that they can select any person for the specified roles in their setting. This will be a bit too impersonal to say, but it is the harsh truth of employment. Therefore the employers in the social care sector approach specific reputed recruitment agencies so that they can carry out the immense task for them effectively and in an unbiased process without delay of expensive time. The agencies are bound to fill up essential space for the needs of the clients. It is very important for the organisations to fill up the right employee for the vacant positions they have but most of the time their lack of time and resources to do so. Therefore they acquire the services of the recruitment agencies so that they can really give more time for the interviews of the candidates (Jones and Jayawarna, 2010). There are a number of important sections of the social care sector which requires very careful observation and attention of the employers. As the process of recruitment is very tedious and time consuming, they are therefore handed over to the recruitment agencies so that they dont waste time in the initial process and they may continue their important work in the organisation into more pressing issues. The use of recruitment agencies are also essential in case of job hunting. As they possess very adequate knowledge about the employers they are able to provide vital information regarding the companies before the interviews (Harris, 2002). Under certain circumstances they also help to setup meetings with the organizations so that they can provide helpful information regarding the culture of the organisation of the recruiting company. These information are sold to the candidates at early stages and can be even negotiable once they have passed from the initial stages of the recruitment exam. The employers who are involved in the social care settings like to choose from the recruitment agencies so that they can gain access to some vital job hunters, who would be required to occupy short or long term positions in the company so that a lot of resources of the company could be saved in the process of attraction, recruitment and the selection of the candidates (Dainty, Raidn and Neale, 2009). The time on screening tests, testing and accessing expert knowledge such as present salary levels, market trends, and advice on current legislation and immigration regulations, and also benefit packages is saved. The organizational employers also have a belief that if these above mentioned processes are conducted in their own company, then they can lead to unwanted expenditures for their organisation. They are intended towards spending their most time on their own jobs as well as more pressing issues. A huge amount of time, effort and resources are wasted by companies in order to hire el igible employees for their organisations. The recruitment agencies are in the business to eliminate this burden by engaging their own time, effort and cost on the selection of candidates rather than putting up pressure on the HR department of the client company (Capita.co.uk, 2015). Therefore it becomes the job of the recruitment agencies to screen and then interview the potential candidates for the clients before they can consider them to be employees in their own company. The sparing time of the organisations are greatly reduced due to this benefit of the recruitment companies. As it has been mentioned before, the organisations will be able to reduce costs regarding advertisements by the adoption of global advertisement services provided by the recruitment agencies. It is very common for the agencies to work with all the potential candidates who are eligible to be in the organisation to occupy service. Whatever may be the current market situation all the organisations who are invo lved in the social care business would like to keep their competitors in the dark and maintain absolute secrecy about the recruitment needs of their company. Therefore the companies prefer to work with reliable agencies who would keep their recruitment process highly confidential. The recruitment of the right kind of persons is very important for the sustenance of the economic and the business environment viable for the company, irrespective of the organizational size, business type or economic environment. Working in collaboration with recruitment agencies would allow the employers to hire the most suitable candidates for the vacant posts and at the same time removing any wastage of time to dedicate the time to more important issue sin their jobs (Capita Specialist Recruitment, 2015). The most important requirement for any organization is the right kind of employee for the exact vacant positions but most of the organisations lack the time required to do so. Therefore the organisati ons approach the recruitment agencies to do the pre interview essentials so that they can spend and dedicate most of their time in the conduction of the interviews. In the social care environment there are a lot of areas which require the most vital importance to pay attention of the employers. 3. The organisational agencies have to understand well and keep in mind that the recruitment agencies, however successful or unsuccessful they may be are always very effective. They should investigate before employing them that whether they are members of the recruitment and employment confederation or not (Capita Specialist Recruitment, 2015). The before mentioned agency is the only recognized trade body in the industry which is used for the recruitment of the recruiting agencies. The organisation which is about to hire the recruitment agency should recognise the feedback of the general people on the agencies earlier ventures. This would give the employers and premonition about the effective ability of the recruitment agency. From the viewpoint of employers, they usually do not favour agencies who refer them unsuitable applications of applicants (Boella and Goss-Turner, 2013). On one occasion an agency does this with the resume, it becomes quite problematic for the employers to chec k those resumes as they have not approved upon payment terms with the agency, and evades misperception of agencies that try to invoice for money not settled to be paid by the employers. Before engaging with any form of recruitment agency, the organisations should be very specific in the preparation of the roles that are to be played by the hired employees in the organisation. This would make a clear understanding of the candidates that are to be selected for the organization. They would be more abled in understanding the roles that are to be played by them in the company and may also provide the necessary information to the company (Anon, 2015). If an ineffectual briefing is conducted which would involve the technical specifications, organisational background and personal profile of the candidate for the employers, it would be very helpful for the employers. It is very decisive to make the superlative miscellany of the recruitment agency because engrossing the wrong ones would mean consumption of precious time, funds, and also it would be exasperating for the employers to employ personnel on a persistent basis (Anon, 2015). It is imperative for the employers to evaluate their aptness in connotation with roles involving recruitment. The questions which would be most relevant under such circumstances are Do the recruitment agency have any specialisation in the respective market of the organisation? Does it have capacity to recruit the specific disciplines? For how long has the agency been effective in the business? What is the past recruitment history of the companies? Is the approach of the company consultative? How will it be beneficial for the company hiring them? Does the company have enough evidence to provide its past success? Is the company reliable enough to share confidential information with them? 4. From the study it can be clear that what will be the current relationship that the recruiters and the employers need to share so that they can co-ordinate with each other in an effective way. It can be through mere telephonic communication or through internet connectivity of the online recruitment marketplace. Even though the goals of the recruiter and the employer differ vastly from each other, still they need the help of each other to accomplish their tasks (Anon, 2015). The aim of the recruitment agency is to generate revenue while that of the employer is to reduce its waste of time in recruitment process, but they have the common goal of placing the right person at the right roles in the job. If the efforts of the companies can be combined they can be able to reduce the administrative and effective target (Anon, 2015). If both sides are true to their job, it would definitely improve the reputation of the companies in their respective sector, increase the quality of service, en hance their relationship as well as increase the business gain. Therefore it is very important to keep themselves informed about the activities of the HR department which will help to improve their relationship. Human resource department is accountable to classify and exercise diverse ways of refining employee job consummation and also so that minimum number of employees depart the corporate door. There must be tactics to augment the work life equilibrium of the staffs, such as enlightening professional trails, presenting talent development programs, etc. Organizational human resource should keep the agencies well conversant about organizational expansions, recruitment requests, and every altering strategy (Anon, 2015). They must pursue to aid the agencies become supporter for respective trade by delivering them the obligatory vital knowledge and statistics. On the other hand, it is significant for the agencies to demonstrate some sincere attention within the employers, the business and the encounters that they confront and this would empower a great deal to boost the association. Numerous organizations are said to appraise distinct forms of communications as well as networking beyond the practice. Conventionally employers often feel involved within the pertinent new service developments as well as information about open market that may bring about reimbursements to businesses. In order to augment the bond between the two organisations it is valuable to inspire honesty as well as morality (Anon, 2015). These two elements are most vita l for any sort of association. On the part of the organizational human resource department, it is significant to have under surveillance some strategies. These are Be appreciative of each other to facilitate mutual admiration Taking a broader viewpoint of organizational welfares since this in turn reimburses both the organisations Being pragmatist and authentic is significant to improve the pleasant relationship Being adaptable feeds increased prospects to direct the duties successfully Upholding excellence is indispensable since this makes the job of both the participants easier Supervising functioning gives chances to advance on the frailer allocates Postulating all quintessence data to the agencies intensifies the relationship between the agency and the employer. References Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.capitaresourcing.co.uk Looking for work Browse jobs by sector [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.nottinghamshire.gov.uk/.../Document.ashx?... [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.essex.gov.uk ... Business and Partners Education HR Service [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/01F95685.../9781843982579_sc.pdf [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://www.hse.ie/.../staff/.../Action%20Plan%20for%20People%20Manageme... [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015]. Anon, (2015). [online] Available at: https://online.kemu.ac.ke/.../HRMG%20541-Employee%20Resourcing%20and... [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015]. Boella, M. and Goss-Turner, S. (2013).Human Resource Management in the Hospitality Industry. Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. Capita Specialist Recruitment, (2015).Social Care Jobs | Social Care Recruitment Agency Capita Resourcing. [online] Available at: https://www.capitaspecialistrecruitment.co.uk/all-social-care-jobs [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015]. Capita Specialist Recruitment, (2015).Social Care Recruitment UK | Social Care Jobs | Capita Resourcing. [online] Available at: https://www.capitaspecialistrecruitment.co.uk/social-care-jobs [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015]. Capita.co.uk, (2015).Page Not Found | Capita plc. [online] Available at: https://www.capita.co.uk/what-we.../recruitment/social--care-recruitment.aspx [Accessed 10 Aug. 2015]. Dainty, A., Raidn, A. and Neale, R. (2009). Incorporating employee resourcing requirements into deployment decision making.Proj Mgmt Jrnl, 40(2), pp.7-18. Harris, L. (2002). Achieving a Balance in Human Resourcing Between Employee Rights and Care for the Individual.Business and Professional Ethics Journal, 21(2), pp.45-60. Jones, O. and Jayawarna, D. (2010). Resourcing new businesses: social networks, bootstrapping and firm performance.Venture Capital, 12(2), pp.127-152. Ogunyomi, P. and Ojikutu, R. (2014). Employee Resourcing and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Lagos State, Nigeria.jebi, 1(1), p.16. Parry, E. and Kelliher, C. (2008). Voluntary sector responses to increased resourcing challenges.Employee Relations, 31(1), pp.9-24. Rowley, C. (2001). Employee Resourcing20013Stephen Taylor. Employee Resourcing . London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development 1998. xii + 305 pp., ISBN: ISBN 0à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 85292à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 624à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 3 19.95 (paperback).Personnel Review, 30(3), pp.371-377.

Paper Products Corporation Essays (543 words) - Marketing

Paper Products Corporation Mary Miller is the marketing manager for Paper Products Corporation and she has to decide whether she should allow her largest customer to buy some of Paper Products' file folders and market them under their own name, (Natcom Inc.) rather than the File X's brand, used by Paper Products. Mary is afraid that if she doesn't accept the offer, the customer will find another file folder producer. Mary really only has two options; accept or refuse the offer from Natcom. There is a certain degree of risk involved with either option and she needs to decide which option is the safest for Paper Products Corporation. If Paper Products refuses the offer they are putting themselves in a position to possibly lose 30 percent of their business, approximately 12 million dollars per year. Even if Natcom continued purchasing their other supplies from Paper Products, and only quit purchasing file folders, the business would lose approximately 4.2 million dollars per year. If Mary decided to take the offer from Natcom, and allow them to sell Paper Products' file folders with their name, she would be going against company policy and it would not be easy to change this policy. It would be very easy for Paper Products to Accommodate Natcom's offer because they have excess capacity. If they turn down the business, Natcom could go to another producer and cut into Paper Products' sales at Natcom stores. Another benefit of this offer is that Paper Products would not have to spend any marketing dollars to acquire this new business. Natcom came to them with this offer and it did not cost Mary Miller, or Paper Products anything. According to the marketing concept, Mary should accept the offer from Natcom. As marketing Chris Phillips 293-78-3538 04/28/2000 manager, Mary should identify what the customer needs, and make Paper Products Inc. the best company at satisfying those needs for a profit. In this case the customer is Natcom and they obviously need to market a line of file folders with their name attached. This need should be clear to Mary because her customer has now approached her three times with this request. Mary will need her expert marketing skills when she tries to sell this idea to Bob Butcher, Paper Products president. Mr. Butcher is primarily interested in the development of new products but he will most likely be interested in this proposal since it deals with his companies' biggest customer. There will have to be a policy change for Paper Products Inc. concerning the corporate policy of refusing dealer-branding requests. Paper Products implemented this policy because they wanted the success of their products to depend on the quality rather than just a low price, but only 40 percent of their file folder products are in a specialized line while the other 60percent are relatively homogeneous shopping products. The success of the homogeneous file folders will be very dependent on the price rather than the quality, therefore this policy depending on quality rather than low price needs to be revised. Mary should also approach Mr. Butcher about using some more of the company's available money for the promotion of their existing brands. Paper Products needs to pull some of their money out of new-product development and attempt to achieve some market penetration. Although 60 percent of the current market does sound appealing, they may be able to grab some of the remaining 40 percent with some good promotions and market penetration.

Mnc Staffing Practices Essay Example

Mnc Staffing Practices Essay Example Mnc Staffing Practices Essay Mnc Staffing Practices Essay The three issues I will discuss is the pay differences between Asians and whites, and other minorities, how they exclude others from attending meetings by conducting them In Japanese and how they are using stereotypes to refrain from holing Americans. Compensation is one of the most complex areas of international human resource management. Pay systems must conform to local laws and customs for employee compensation while also fitting into global NC policies (Hailed, 2002, Para. ). It would only be fair to pay those with similar position the same pay rate. In addition to the compensation problems how they conduct their meetings were wrong. It states In this case that weekly meetings were conducted In Japanese, effectively excluding non-Japanese-speaking employees (Vance, 2006, peg 170). This clearly means that their intent was to exclude them from being a part of important matters and making them feel as if they didnt belong even though they were executives who supposed to be included in those meetings. Marianne America also used stereotypes as a reason to not staff certain individuals. For Instance, In an email the vice president stated, l want a person who has aggressiveness, high I. Q, 23 to 30 yr old, Asian, Like Chinese, Japanese, of course American or others Is fine. In this one sentence they discriminated in two ways. The first is discrimination based on age and the second is discrimination against ethnic group and national origin. Basically he wanted a specific type of person. Macs needs to follow the employment laws of the united States because if they are allowed to operate here they should be subjected to the same polices other corporations have to follow. Discriminating against people from different ethnic backgrounds and national origins is wrong in all cultures and it shouldnt be tolerated. In addition, there should be penalties for violating U. S. Employment laws.

Air Pollution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Air Pollution - Essay Example As urbanization and industrialization continued to elevate, the rate of release of wastes into the atmosphere by the humans elevated to a level that nature could no longer cope with it. From that time air, pollution has elevates to a higher level because of pollution from the industrial, home and commercial sources. Since these sources are mainly found in the large cities, the air that surrounds them is usually having a high concentration of pollutant gases. When these concentrated gases go beyond the secure limits, then that is the time when they suit a pollution trouble. The graph below is an instance of the way the level of air pollution elevates.Air pollution results from various causes most of which are preventable. Smog that hangs in the atmospheres surrounding the cities is the most common air pollution form. However, there are different causes of this pollution. These pollutions cause elevate global warming. An instance via which air pollution causes global warming is when su rplus carbon dioxide goes into the air, and it depletes the ozone layer. Moreover, carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas, is considered the chief pollutant of Earth warming. Despite the living things emitting carbon dioxide during breathing this gas is in most situations considered a pollutant when industries, power plants, vehicles, and planes produce it. In the current years, these activities have injected much carbon dioxide to the atmosphere thereby raising it levels to a higher rate than it had been thousands of years ago.

An Evolving Industry Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

An Evolving Industry - Research Paper Example Before, people were forced to line up in movie houses to view the latest film release. Or if one wanted to view a previously released film, one had to go to a Blockbuster Video store, open a membership account and rent out these films. Today, practically anybody with a YouTube account may now upload their movies for the whole world to see. Other websites like Movielocker allows filmmakers to also publish their own videos. In the same way, audiences may now just go to websites like TheOnlyDevice.com, Momomesh, and others to view as much movies as they want. Needless to say, the Internet has hurt big-time movie production suits initially. But then these moneymakers have ingeniously used technology to their full advantage and have in fact exploited the internet in creating buzz for their films. Indeed, the Internet has opened up a multitude of ways for filmmakers to produce and distribute films and for audiences to view these films as

Experiment with acetic acid chloride, ethanol Essay Example for Free

Experiment with acetic acid chloride, ethanol Essay Experiment 1: Bromination of Acetanilide1 Precautions: Ethanol is flammable Sodium hypochlorite is an oxidizing agent and releases toxic fumes (handle in fume hood) Acetic acid is corrosive, harmful if inhaled, flammable and can cause burns (handle in fume hood) Gloves are recommended to avoid chemical contact with skin Reaction Scheme: Conversion of acetanilide to p-bromoacetanilide Procedure: To a 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a mixture of 95% ethanol (6 mL) and acetic acid (5 mL), dissolve acetanilide (7.4 mmol) and sodium bromide (1.8 g). Place the reaction flask in an ice bath (at least 5oC) for 5 minutes (keep this reaction in the hood). Add sodium hypochlorite (8.3 mmol) by addition of household bleach; leave the reaction flask in the ice bath 5 min. After removing the flask from the ice bath and placing a watch glass over the opening, allow the reaction mixture to come to room temperature over 15 minutes. Place the reaction flask into the ice bath and quench the unreacted bromine by addition of both 5 mL of sodium thiosulfate solution (1 g/5 mL) and 5 mL sodium hydroxide solution(1 g/5 mL ); collect the product by suction filtration. Recrystalllize the brominated product from a minimum amount of solvent. You will need to select a solvent from water, 50% ethanol or 95% ethanol. To identify the best solvent, use what you have learned in Organic I Chemistry Lab, hint: think about what properties makes a good recrystallization solvent. Test your recrystallization solvent in test tubes using the tip of a spatula of your compound. Remember to use a water bath to heat organic solvents. NEVER heat organic solvents directl y on a hot plate-always use a hot water bath! Dry the product and obtain melting point range (one fast and one slow) and an IR spectrum. Be sure to record observations in your laboratory notebook. 1 From â€Å"A Multistep Synthesis Incorporating a Green Bromination of an Aromatic Ring† J. Chem. Educ. 2012, 89, 1063 Prelab: In your lab notebook, write: 1. Date, Title of lab, Purpose and Mechanism of Reaction 2. Copy the following tables into your laboratory notebook and fill in MM 3. Write a brief description (bullet points) of the procedure Substance Acetanilide Sodium Bromide Sodium Hypochlorite 95% Ethanol Acetic Acid MM (g/mol) mmol g mL Product Data MM (g/mol) mmol g before recrystallization recrystallization solvent mL recrystallization solvent g after recrystallization % Recovery Theoretical Yield, g Percent yield Melting point range fast Melting point range slow Literature Mp Value Reference for Lit. Mp Value p-bromoacetanilide Waste Disposal: Place the filtrate from the reaction in the basic halogenated waste. Place the filtrate from recrystallization in the halogenated waste (as it may contain some p-bromoacetanilide). For your lab report: Continue in your lab notebook from the prelab. Complete the tables and show all calculations (clearly label where each calculation is in the notebook by providing each calculation with a title). Finally write a conclusion that includes a discussion of results and attach the IR (assign peaks) and the 1H NMR (be sure to assign all peaks on the NMR). Hand in the original of the carbonless copy pages as your lab report.

tv-dont use this paper :: essays research papers

In Bill Mckibben essay â€Å"Daybreak† he writes about how TV has changed the way we look at the world. A little less than half of all American’s get â€Å"most of their information from television†. There are some things that people would never see in their life if it wasn’t for TV, but there are things that people could go without seeing at times too. TV is one of the greatest things ever to happen to some people and the worst for others. For some people television is the best way to take part in the world. Many American’s watch 7 hours of TV in one day, some people think the best way to live and learn is outside the living room and in the wilderness. Some people learn more when they’re out in nature, that’s what there into. Others do better in the house watching TV. MiKibben had friends tape every channel on the Fairfax network for 24 hours. Then he spent 10 hours a day for 2 months watching TV. After watching all the channels, he then went and spent two days on Crow Mountain watching nature. He found that there are things in nature that you would never get the whole effect of watching them on television. Then there are things on TV you would never even see without watching TV. I myself use both of them in everyday life. TV is a way for me to see what’s going on in the world. I watch TV three to fours a day. It goes from MTV to ESPN to the News. I do watch a lot of movies. I can see how people think TV is bad, and don’t want to have anything to do with it. There are shows that could be taken off the air but at the same time TV gives people a glimpse of things in the world that they would never see in real life. To get away from all the TV and things that go on in the world is the wilderness. Its goes the same way for the wilderness as it does for TV. There are things in the wilderness that you would never see or experience on TV. All people need to do is find a happy medium and use both to benefit themselves. I would rather go out and spend the day in the woods then sit home and watch TV there is some people that would rather stay inside.

Unpaid Seller

Unpaid Seller Definition: In a transaction of sale it is not possible to avoid credit sales. In credit sales there is a risk of a debtor not paying the price of the goods even after the credit period is over. The seller of the goods therefore must possess some rights which he can use to secure payment of the price. If the recovery of the price is not possible due to the reason of bankruptcy of the buyer, he must have some other remedies. The Sale of Goods Act has made elaborate provisions regarding the rights of an unpaid seller.The term ‘unpaid seller' may be defined as the seller to whom the full price of the goods sold has not been paid. The legal definition of ‘unpaid seller' is given in Section 45 of the Sale of Goods Act, as under: â€Å"The seller of the goods is deemed to be an unpaid seller within the meaning of this Act: (a) When the whole of the price has not been paid or tendered; (b) When a bill of exchange or other negotiable instrument has been received as conditional payment and the condition on which it was received has not been fulfilled by reason of the dishonor of the instrument or otherwise. Features of the unpaid seller 1. He must sell goods on the cash basis and must be unpaid. 2. If he sells on credit basis, he is not an unpaid seller during the period of credit. 3. The term of credit has expired and the price has not been paid to him. 4. He must be unpaid wholly or partially. If a part of price remains unpaid, he is unpaid. 5. When the price is paid in the form of negotiable instruments and it has been dishonored. 6. If buyer offers payment and seller refuses to accept, the seller is not an unpaid seller. . Party A sells a car on cash basis to party B and the price has not been received yet.. 8. A sells good to B on 5 months credit period and B turns insolvent after 2 months. 9. A sells TV set to B on the same day cheque basis, the cheque is dishonored due to insufficient. SALE OF GOODS ACT Contract of Sale: Sale and agreem ent to sell (1) A contract of sale of goods is a contract whereby the seller transfers or agrees to transfer the property in goods to the buyer for a money consideration called the price.There may be a contract of sale between 1 part owner and another. (2) A contract of sale may be absolute or conditional. (3) Where, under a contract of sale, the property in the goods is transferred from the seller to the buyer, the contract is called a sale: but, where the transfer of the property in the goods is to take place at a future time or subject to some condition thereafter to be fulfilled, the contract is called an agreement to sell. 4) An agreement to sell becomes a sale when the time elapses or the conditions are fulfilled subject to which the property in the goods is to be transferred. Capacity to buy and sell-sale of necessaries to persons incompetent to contract Capacity to buy and sell is regulated by the general law concerning capacity contract and to transfer and acquire property: Provided that, where necessaries are sold and delivered to an infant or minor or to a person who by reason of mental incapacity or drunkenness is incompetent to contract, he must pay a reasonable price therefor. Necessaries†, in this section, means goods suitable to the condition in life of such infant or minor or other person and to his actual requirements at the time of the sale and delivery. Contract  of  sale, how made Subject to the provisions of this Act and of any Act in that behalf, a contract of sale may be made in writing or by word of mouth or partly in writing and partly by word of mouth or may be implied from the conduct of the parties. Provided that nothing in this section shall affect the law relating to corporations.Sale and agreement to sell goods on credit in course of retail trade to be accompanied by invoice (1)A sale of goods on creditor an agreement to sell goods on credit in the course of trade shall not be enforceable by action at the suit of the s eller, unless- (a) at the time of the sale or agreement to sell, an invoice or docket, serially numbered, be made in writing in duplicate, both original and duplicate containing- (i) the serial number; ii) the date of the transaction; (iii) the name of the buyer; (iv) the nature and, except in the case of goods exempted from this provision by order of the Minister, the quantity of the goods, in the English language and in figures; and (v)  the price in English words or figures; and b) at the time of delivery of the goods, the original or duplicate of the invoice or docket be delivered to the buyer or to some person to whom the goods may properly be delivered on his behalf: Provided that the provisions of this section shall not apply to an agreement to sell, over a period of time, goods of nature such as are commonly delivered at regular intervals, such as newspapers, bread or milk, or to any sale in pursuance of such agreement, where a written order signed by the buyer or his agen t in that behalf is given to the seller at the time of the agreement to sell. 2) In this section- â€Å"docket† includes a packing note, delivery note or other printed form customarily used for recording the particulars of a sale; â€Å"sale or agreement to sell in the course of trade† means a sale or an agreement to sell to a person by or on behalf of a person who carries on the business of selling goods. Duties of seller and buyer 28. It is the duty of the seller to deliver the goods and of the buyer to accept and pay for them in accordance with the terms of the contract of sale. Payment and delivery prima facie concurrent conditions 9. Unless otherwise agreed, delivery of the goods and payment of the price are concurrent conditions, that is to say, the seller must be ready and willing to give possession of the goods to the buyer in exchange for the price and the buyer must be ready and willing to pay the price in exchange for possession of the goods. Rules as to del ivery 30. -(1) Whether it is for the buyer to take possession of the goods or for the seller to send them to the buyer is a question depending in each case on the contract express or implied between the parties.Apart from any such contract express or implied, the place of delivery is the seller's place of business if he has one, and if not, his residence: Provided that, if the contract be for the sale of specific goods which to the knowledge of the parties when the contract is made are in some other place, then that place is the place of delivery. (2) Where, under the contract of sale, the seller is bound to send the goods to the buyer but no time for sending them is fixed, the seller is bound to send them within a reasonable time. 3) Where the goods, at the time of sale, are in the possession of a third person, there is no delivery by seller to buyer unless and until such third person acknowledges to the buyer that he holds the goods on his behalf: Provided that nothing in this sec tion shall affect the operation or the issue or transfer of any document of title to goods. (4) Demand or tender of delivery may be treated as ineffectual unless made at a reasonable hour. What is a reasonable hour is a question of fact. (5) Unless otherwise agreed, the expenses of and incidental to putting the goods into a deliverable state must be borne by the seller.Rights of an Unpaid Seller (A) Rights against the Goods: Unpaid seller's rights against the goods may be discussed under the following two heads, namely: 1. Where the ownership of the goods has transferred to the buyer: In this case, the unpaid seller has the following rights: (a) Right of lien. (b) Right of stoppage of goods in transit. (c) Right of resale. 2. Where the ownership of the goods has not transferred to the buyer: In this case, the unpaid seller has the right of withholding the delivery of goods sold. (B) Rights against the Buyer: Unpaid seller has the following rights against the buyer: a) Suit for price . (b) Suit for damages. (c) Suit for interest. (d) Suit for repudiation of contract. The Unpaid seller of goods who is in possession of them is entitled to retain his possession until payment or tender of the price in following cases, namely: (a) Where the goods have been sold without any stipulations as to credit, (b) Where the goods have been sold on credit, but the term of credit has expired, and (c) Where the buyer becomes insolvent. † This right can be exercised by the unpaid seller if the following conditions are satisfied: (i)The unpaid seller must be in actual possessions of the goods sold. ii) The unpaid seller can retain the goods only for the payment of the price of the goods. The right of lien is linked with the possession of the goods and not with the title of the goods. Thus, the goods must be in actual possession of the seller. It is, however, not necessary that he should possess the goods as an owner. He can exercise the right of lien, even if he is possessing the goods as an agent or bailee for the buyer [Section 47 (2)]. The important legal provisions relating to the unpaid seller's right of lien may be stated as under: 1.Where the goods are sold without any stipulation as to credit (i. e. in case of cash sale), the unpaid seller may retain the goods if the buyer fails to pay the whole price [Section 47(1)(a)]. He cannot retain the goods for any other charge e. g. maintenance,charge of storage during the exercise of lien. 2. Where the goods are sold on credit, the unpaid seller may retain the goods if the buyer fails to pay the whole price after the expiry of credit period. [Section 47 (1) b)] 3. Where the buyer becomes insolvent, the unpaid seller may retain the possession of the goods until the whole price is paid.It is so because, the law does not compel a person to deliver the goods to an insolvent [Section 47 (1) (c)]. 4. Where the unpaid seller has delivered a part of the goods, he may exercise his lien on the remaining part of th e goods. But where the part delivery is made under the circumstances which show an agreement to waive a lien, the seller cannot retain the goods [Section 48]. 5. The right of lien is indivisible in nature. And, the seller cannot be compelled to deliver a part of the goods on payment of proportionate price of the goods. 1.By delivery of goods to the carrier: The unpaid seller loses his right of lien over the goods when the goods are delivered to some person ( a carrier or other bailee) for the purpose of transmission to the buyer [Section 49 (1) (a)] 2. By delivery of goods to the buyer: The unpaid seller also loses his right of lien when he delivers the goods to the buyer or his agent [Section 49 (1) (b)]. 3. By waiver of the lien; The right of lien is for the benefit of the seller. If he like, he may waive his right. And by waiver, the lien is lost [Section 49 (1) (c)]. The waiver may be express or implied.This right is contained in Section 50 of the Sale of Goods Act, which provid es that where the buyer becomes insolvent, and the unpaid seller has parted with the possession of the goods, he can stop the goods in transit until the price is paid or tendered (I. e. , offered) to him. The right can be exercised if the following conditions are satisfied: (a)The buyer has become insolvent. (b) The goods are in the course of transit, i. e. , the goods have gone out of the actual possession of the seller. But they have not reached in the possession of the buyer. c) The unpaid seller can stop the goods in transit only for the payment of the price of the goods. Duration of Transit The duration of transit is the period between the commencement and end of transit. The transit commences from the time when the goods are delivered to the middleman (i. e. , carrier or other bailee), and it continue till the buyer or his agent takes the delivery of the goods [Section 51 (1)]. The important provisions relating to duration of transit are as follows: (a) Where the goods are rej ected by the buyer and the carrier continue to have the possession of the goods, the transit does not come to an end [Section 51 (4)]. b) Where the goods are delivered in parts, the seller may stop the remainder of goods unless the delivery of part of the goods shows an intention to give up the possession of the whole of the goods [Section 51 (7)]. (c) Where the goods are delivered to a ship chartered by the buyer, then it is a question of fact in each case whether the carrier is acting independently or as an agent of the buyer. If the circumstances show that the carrier is acting as an agent of the buyer, then the transit comes to an end as soon as the goods are loaded on board the ship [Section 51 (5)]. Termination (or Loss) of Right of Stoppage in TransitUnder the following circumstances, the transit comes to an end and the right of stoppage in transit is lost. 1. Interception by the buyer: Sometimes, the buyer or his agent takes the delivery of the goods from the carrier (middle man) before the goods arrive at the appointed destination. In such cases, the transit comes to an end. [Section 51 (2)]. 2. Carrier's acknowledgement to the buyer: Sometimes, after the arrival of the goods at the appointed destination, the carrier acknowledges to the buyer or his agent that now he is holding the goods on buyer's behalf. In such cases, the transit comes to an end. Section 51 (3)]. 3. Carrier's wrongful refusal to deliver the goods to the buyer: (Section 51(6)) The important point here is that the refusal should be wrongful i. e. without any just cause. Eg. If the carrier refuse to deliver the goods because of non payment of freight charges, the refusal is not wrongful. Unpaid seller's right of resale is contained in Section 54 (2) of the Sale of Goods Act, which provides that if the buyer fails to pay or offer the price within a reasonable time, the unpaid seller has the right to resell the goods in the following circumstances: (a) Where the goods are of perishable n ature, b) Where the unpaid seller has exercised his right of lien or stoppage in transit and gives a notice to the buyer of his intention to resell the goods. And also (c) Where the unpaid seller has expressly reserved his right of resale. 1. Where the goods are perishable: The seller may resell the goods to another person within a reasonable time. The term ‘reasonable time' is a. 2. Where the seller expressly reserves his right of resale: It may be noted that in such cases, the seller is not required to give notice of resale.He is entitled to recover damages from the original buyer even if no notice of resale is given. 3.. Where the unpaid seller has exercised his right of lien or of stoppage in transit and gives notice to the buyer of his intention to resell the goods: If after the receipt of such notice, the buyer does not pay or tender the price within a reasonable time, the seller may resell the goods. In such cases, on the resale of the goods, the seller is also entitled to: (a)Recover the difference between the contract price and resale price, from the original buyer, as damages. b)Retain the profit if the resale price is higher that the contract price. However, if the goods are resold by the seller without giving any notice to the buyer, the seller cannot recover the loss suffered on resale. Moreover, if there is any profit on resale he must return it to the original buyer, i. e. , he cannot keep such surplus with him [Section 54 (2)]. In this sense, the notice of resale becomes obligatory, i. e. legally compulsory. Right of Withholding Delivery and Rights against BuyerRight of Withholding Delivery: Sometimes the ownership of the goods sold is not transferred to the buyer. In such cases the seller has the right of Withholding Delivery of the goods sold, if the buyer fails to pay the price. It may be noted that this right is in addition to other remedies available to the seller. This right is similar to and co-extensive with the right of lien and stoppage in transit [Section 46 (2)]. Rights against the Buyer The unpaid seller has the following rights against the buyer : 1. Suit for price:Where the buyer fails to pay the price of the goods in terms of the contract, the seller can file a suit against the buyer for recovery of the price [Section 55]. 2. Suit for damages for non-acceptance of goods: Where the seller is ready and willing to deliver the goods to the buyer, but the buyer wrongfully neglects or refuses to accept the goods and pay for them, then the seller may bring a legal action against the buyer for the recovery of damages suffered due to non-acceptance of the goods [Section 56]. 3.Suit for damages for repudiation of the contract before the due date of delivery of goods: Where the buyer repudiates (i. e. , puts an end to) the contract before the due date of delivery of the goods, the seller has the following options [Section 60]: (i) He may not immediately take any action against the buyer, and treat the contract as subsisting and wait till the date of delivery of goods. (ii) He may immediately treat the contract as repudiated and bring the legal action against the buyer for the recovery of the damages. . Suit for interest: Where the seller tenders the goods, but the buyer fails to accept and pay for them, then the seller may file a suit for the recovery of the price. In such a suit, the seller may also claim the interest on the amount of price payable by the buyer The court may award the interest from the date of tender of the goods or from the date when the price if payable. The rate of interest to be awarded is at the discretion of the court.It may however, be noted that the interest can be recovered by the seller only when he is entitled to recover the price. Thus, when the seller's only remedy is for damages, he cannot file a suit for interest [Section 61]. Reservation of right of disposal (Section 25). – 1. Where there is a contract for the sale of specific goods or where goods are subsequently appropriated to the contract, the seller may, by the terms of the contract or appropriation, reserve the right of disposal of the goods until certain conditions are fulfilled.In such case, notwithstanding the delivery of the goods to a buyer or to a carrier or other bailee for the purpose of transmission to the buyer, the property in the goods does not pass to the buyer until the conditions imposed by the seller are fulfilled. 2. Where goods are shipped or delivered to a railway administration for carriage by railway and by the bill of lading or railway receipt, as the case may be, the goods are deliverable to the order of the seller or his agent, the seller is prima facie deemed to reserve the right of disposal. . Where the seller of goods draws on the buyer for the price and transmits to the buyer the bill of exchange together with the bill of lading or, as the case may be, the railway receipt, to secure acceptance or payment of the bill of exchange, the buyer is bound to return the bill of lading or the railway receipt if he does not honour the bill of exchange; and, if he wrongfully retains the bill of lading or the railway receipt, the property in the goods does not pass to him. Explanation. In this section, the expressions† railway† and† railway administration† shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them under the Indian Railways Act, 1890 . ] (9 of 1890 . ) Buyer’s right against seller Suit for damages for non-delivery When the seller wrongfully refuses to deliver the goods to the buyer, the buyer may sue the seller for damages for non-delivery (Sec. 57) Suit for specific performance Where there is a breach of contract for sale of specific goods, the buyer may file a suit for specific performance.The remedy is granted when subject matter of the contract is rare goods, say, a picture by a dead painter (Sec. 58) Suit for damages for breach of warranty Where there is a breach of warranty, the buyer is entitled to sue for damages if he had paid the price to the seller. But if he has not paid the price yet, he may ask the seller for a reasonable reduction in theprice. (Sec. 59) Suit for cancellation and damages for breach of contract Where there is a breach of contract by the seller, the buyer may avoid the contract and claim damages. Suit for recovery of price with interestIf the buyer has already paid the price to the seller and the seller does not deliver the goods to thebuyer, he can sue the seller for refund of price and interest at a reasonable rate. (Sec. 61) Examples A case of an unpaid seller Case 1 Sir, If a sale deed has been entered saying that the consideration has been paid via a Demand Draft (i. e. issued by the Bank on account of loan). However the demand draft has not actually been encashed, as the loan was subsequently cancelled. However believing on the fact the DD will be encashed the seller signed the Sale Deed.Now as the amount is not actually paid, what ca n be the means to get the unpaid money? If in the suit for recovery of balance amount the buyer is unable to pay the remaining consideration, then what other relief can be provided by the court of law? The buyer got the loan sanctioned by concealing certain facts, so the DD was issued. However before the disbursement the Bank came to know of the facts and the loan got cancelled. That is how the DD could not be encashed. The Bank had issued the DD on the basis of certain facts. However certain important facts were concealed by the buyer from the Bank.Just before the DD could be encashed the Bank came to know the facts and they cancelled the DD. As a result the seller could not get the consideration. Case 2 Please my fellow mates i need urgent help on this    Mr. J sells and consigns certain goods to Mr. S for cash and sends the Railway Receipt to him. Mr. S becomes insolvent and while the goods are in transit, he assigns the Railway Receipt to Mr. N who does not know that Mr. S is insolvent. Mr. J being an unpaid seller wants to exercise his rights. Advise:    (a) whether Mr. J can exercise the right of stoppage of goods in transit ? b) would your answer be different if Mr. N was aware of Mr. J’s insolvency before the assignment of the Railway Receipt in favour of Mr. N ? (a)Mr. J cannot exercise the right of stoppage of goods in transist, because the goods are being taken by Mr. N in good faith and for consideration. (b)Yes, Mr. J in this case can exercise his right of stoppage of goods in Transit, as Mr. N has not acted in good faith. (Refer to section 27 of The Sale of Goods Act, 1930) Ref: http://www. caclubindia. com/forum/unpaid-seller-142227. asp#. UKXVHIdJNGQ

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